Introduction to Computer Hardware and Components. Motherboards vary greatly in respect to the types of components they support. Reset and LED lights to function. Introduction: Function and structure of a computer Functional components of a. Introduction: Function and structure of a computer, Functional components of a computer, Interconnection of components, Performance of a computer. Memory, Mapping methods, Organization of a cache memory unit, Fetch and write.

Different Parts of the Computer and Their Function; Different Parts of the Computer and Their Function. A tower houses just the components that make the. CPU Registers and Their Functions. Registers are the most important components of CPU. Each register performs a specific function. A brief description of most.

The main printed circuit board in a computer is known as the motherboard. Other names for this central computer unit are system board, main board, or printed wired board (PWB). The is sometimes shortened to Mobo. Numerous major components, crucial for the functioning of the computer, are attached to the motherboard. These include the processor, memory, and expansion slots. The motherboard connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC.

The type of motherboard installed in a PC has a great effect on a computer's system speed and expansion capabilities. Also known as the microprocessor or the processor, the CPU is the computer's brain.

Lotus Organizer 4.1 Free Download. It is responsible for fetching, decoding, and executing program instructions as well as performing mathematical and logical calculations. The processor chip is identified by the processor type and the manufacturer. This information is usually inscribed on the chip itself. For example, Intel 386, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) 386, Cyrix 486, Pentium MMX, Intel Core 2Duo, or iCore7.

If the processor chip is not on the motherboard, you can identify the processor socket as socket 1 to Socket 8, LGA 775 among others. This can help you identify the processor that fits in the socket.

For example, a 486DX processor fits into Socket 3. Random Access Memory, or RAM, usually refers to computer chips that temporarily store dynamic data to enhance computer performance while you are working. In other words, it is the working place of your computer, where active programs and data are loaded so that any time time the processor requires them, it doesn't have to fetch them from the hard disk. Random access memory is volatile, meaning it loses its contents once power is turned off. This is different from non-volatile memory, such as hard disks and flash memory, which do not require a power source to retain data.

When a computer shuts down properly, all data located in RAM is returned back to permanent storage on the hard drive or flash drive. At the next boot-up, RAM begins to fill with programs automatically loaded at startup, a process called booting. Later on, the user opens other files and programs that are still loaded in the memory. BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System. BIOS is a 'read only' memory, which consists of low-level software that controls the system hardware and acts as an interface between the operating system and the hardware. Most people know the term BIOS by another name—device drivers, or just drivers. BIOS is essentially the link between the computer hardware and software in a system.

All motherboards include a small block of Read Only Memory (ROM) which is separate from the main system memory used for loading and running software. On PCs, the BIOS contains all the code required to control the keyboard, display screen, disk drives, serial communications, and a number of miscellaneous functions. The system BIOS is a ROM chip on the motherboard used during the startup routine (boot process) to check out the system and prepare to run the hardware. The BIOS is stored on a ROM chip because ROM retains information even when no power is being supplied to the computer. Motherboards also include a small separate block of memory made from CMOS RAM chips which is kept alive by a battery (known as a CMOS battery) even when the PC’s power is off. This prevents reconfiguration when the PC is powered on. CMOS devices require very little power to operate.

The CMOS RAM is used to store basic Information about the PC’s configuration for instance:- • Floppy disk and hard disk drive types • Information about CPU • RAM size • Date and time • Serial and parallel port information • Plug and Play information • Power Saving settings Other Important data kept in CMOS memory is the time and date, which is updated by a Real Time Clock (RTC). Cache memory is a small block of high-speed memory (RAM) that enhances PC performance by pre-loading information from the (relatively slow) main memory and passing it to the processor on demand. Most CPUs have an internal cache memory (built into the processor) which is referred to as Level 1 or primary cache memory. This can be supplemented by external cache memory fitted on the motherboard. This is the Level 2 or secondary cache. In modern computers, Levels 1 and 2 cache memory are built into the processor die. If a third cache is implemented outside the die, it is referred to as the Level 3 (L3) cache.